10 клас англ мова

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Узгодження часів в англійській мові (Sequence of Tenses)

дуже тісно пов'язано з непрямою мовою в англійській мові (Reported Speech). І приступаючи до вивчення одного, обов'язково знадобиться знання друге. Адже узгодження часів необхідно, коли ми передаємо слова співрозмовника, тобто, трансформуємо пряму мову в непряму.

Правила узгодження часів в англійській мові набувають чинності, якщо присудок в головному реченні виражений однією з форм минулого часу. У даному випадку правила узгодження часів дотримуються практично завжди.

ПРЯМА МОВА та НЕПРЯМА МОВА

Якщо дієслово головного речення стоїть в минулому часі, то дієслово

підрядного речення змінюється за такою схемою:

PRESENT SIMPLE	переходить у	PAST SIMPLE
PAST SIMPLE	переходить у	PAST PERFECT
FUTURE SIMPLE	переходить у	FUTURE SIMPLE IN THE PAST
PRESENT PERFECT	переходить у	PAST PERFECT
PRESENT CONTINUOUS	переходить у	PAST CONTINUOUS
PAST CONTINUOUS	переходить у	PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

ПЕРЕХІД ПРЯМОЇ МОВИ В НЕПРЯМУ:

PRESENT SIMPLE He said, "I go to school every day Він сказав: "Я ходжу до школи щодня". PAST SIMPLE Не said, "I went to school yesterday" Він сказав: "Я ходив до школи вчора". PRESENT PERFECT Не said, "I have gone to school" Він сказав: "Я прийшов до школи" PRESENT CONTINUOUS Не said, "I am going to school now." Він сказав: "Я иду до школи зараз". PAST CONTINUOUS Не said, "I was going to school at 5 Він сказав: "Я йшов до школи о 5". FUTURE SIMPLE Не said, "I will go to school every day." Він сказав: "Я піду до школи".

PAST SIMPLE Не said (that) he went to school every day Він сказав, що ходить до школи щодня. PAST PERFECT Не said (that) he had gone to school the day before. Він сказав, що ходив до школи вчора. PAST PERFECT Не said (that) he had gone to school. Він сказав, що прийшов до школи. PAST CONTINUOUS Не said (that) he was going to school everyday Він сказав, що йде до школи зараз. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS Не said (that) he had been going to school at 5 Він сказав, що йшов до школи о 5. FUTURE SIMPLE IN THE PAST He said (that) he would go to school every day. Він сказав, що піде до школи. ______________________________________

ЗАМІНА ОБСТАВИНИ ЧАСУ ПРИ ПЕРЕХОДІ В НЕПРЯМУ МОВУ
Direct Speech - Пряма мова	Indirect Speech - Непряма мова
today	that day
yesterday	the day before
tomorrow	the next day
... ago	... before
this ...	that ...
these ...	those ...
here	there
last year	the year before
now	then
last...	the ... before
next...	the following ...

_

ПРЯМІ ПИТАННЯ В НЕПРЯМІ

INDIRECT QUESTIONS - НЕПРЯМІ ПИТАННЯ
GENERAL QUESTIONS	He asked (me) He wanted to know He wondered
He asked, "Do you draw?" He asked, "Does he draw?" He asked, "Did you draw?" He asked, "Will you draw?" He asked, "Are you drawing?" He asked, "Is he drawing?' He asked, "Have you drawn?" He asked, “Were you drawing?”	He asked if/whether I drew. He asked if/whether he drew. He asked if/whether I had drawn. He asked if/whether I would draw. He asked if/whether I was drawing. He asked if/whether he was drawing. He asked if/whether I had drawn. He asked if/whether I had been drawing.
SPECIAL QUESTIONS	He asked (me) He wanted to know He wondered
He asked, "What do you draw?" He asked, "What does he draw?" He asked, "What did you draw?" He asked, "What will you draw?" He asked, "What are you drawing?" He asked, "What is he drawing?' He asked, "What have you drawn?" He asked, “What were you drawing?”	He asked what I drew. He asked what he drew. He asked what I had drawn. He asked what I would draw. He asked what I was drawing. He asked what he was drawing. He asked what I had drawn. He asked what I had been drawing.

1. Перекладіть на українську мову

1. He asked if I wanted to dance.
2. He asked if I was going to the shop.
3. He asked if I had watched the latest film.
4. He asked if John had arrived.
5. He asked if I had been going to the gym.
6. He asked if I had been going to the gym.
7. He said (that) he would go to school.”
8. He asked if he could help me.
9. He asked if I would have lunch with me.
10. He asked if he had to do the shopping.
11. He asked how I was.
12. He asked where I was going.
13. He asked whom I had called.
14. He asked where I had been.
15. He asked what I had been doing.
16. He asked what I had been do.

2. Напишіть речення в непрямій мові. 1. Mother said to me: "Who has brought this parcel?" 2. He said to her: "Where do you usually spend your summer holidays?" 3. Aim said to Mike: "When did you leave London?" 4. She said to Boris: "When will you be back home?" 5. Boris said to them: "How can I set to the railway station?" 6. Mary asked Tom: "What time will you come here tomorrow?" 7. She asked me: "Why didn't you come here yesterday7?" 8. She asked me: "What will you do tomorrow if you are not busy at your office?" 9.1 said to Nick: "Where are you going?" 10.1 said to liini: "How Ions are you going to stay there?" 11.1 said to liini: "How Ions will it take you to set there?" 12. Pete said to liis friends: "When are you leaving St. Petersburg?" 13. He said to them: "Who will you see before you leave here?" 14. They said to liini: "What time does the train start?" 15.1 asked Mike: "What will you do after dinner?" 16.1 asked my uncle: "How Ions did you stay in the Crimea?" 17. Ada said to me: "Where did you see such trees?" 18. I said to Becky: "What land of book has your friend brought you?" 3. Напишіть речення в непрямій мові. 1. Where did I put the book? (I forgot...) 2. Who has given you tliis nice kitten? (She wanted to know...) 3. Where can I buy an Enslish-Russiaii dictionary? (He asked me...) 4. How Ions will it take your brother to set to Madrid? (He wondered...) 5. Where is he going? (He didn't tell anybody...) 6. Where has he gone? (Did you know...) 7. Where is he? (Did you know...) 8. When is he leaving school? (1 wanted to know...) 9. Where does he live? (Nobody knew...) 10. When will he come back? (She asked them...) 11. Where did she buy tliis hat? (He wanted to know...) 12. How much did she pay for it? (I had no idea...)